Product Overview

NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a naturally occurring coenzyme found in all living cells. It plays a central role in cellular metabolism, energy production, and fundamental biological processes. NAD⁺ participates in redox reactions — transporting electrons during metabolic processes — and acts as a co‑substrate for enzymes that help regulate energy homeostasis and cellular repair mechanisms.

In research settings, NAD⁺ is supplied as a high‑purity, lyophilized powder for laboratory use in biochemical, cellular, and molecular experiments exploring metabolism, mitochondrial function, and age‑related cellular pathways.

Key Biological Functions

1. Central Role in Metabolism

NAD⁺ serves as a crucial electron carrier in energy‑producing pathways such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation — all processes that generate ATP (“cellular energy”).

2. DNA Repair & Gene Regulation

It functions as a co‑substrate for enzymes like poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and sirtuins, which are involved in DNA repair, gene expression, and response to cellular stress.

3. Redox Balance & Cellular Health

NAD⁺ exists in two forms: oxidized (NAD⁺) and reduced (NADH). This balance is essential for oxidation‑reduction (redox) reactions that regulate metabolic processes in cells.

Research & Experimental Applications

Researchers use NAD⁺ in laboratory studies to investigate a variety of cellular mechanisms, including:

🔬 Cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function — studying how energy is produced and managed at the cell level.
🔬 Enzymatic regulation and signaling pathways — analyzing interactions with NAD⁺‑dependent enzymes involved in stress response and longevity pathways.
🔬 DNA repair mechanisms — evaluating the role of NAD⁺ as a co‑substrate in DNA integrity and genomic maintenance.
🔬 Research on aging and cellular decline — exploring how NAD⁺ levels affect metabolic decline and age‑related processes in preclinical models.

Scientific Rationale for NAD⁺ Research

📌 Decline with Age: Levels of NAD⁺ naturally decrease with aging, which has been linked to changes in metabolic function and cellular stress responses. This decline makes NAD⁺ an important target in aging and longevity research.

📌 Enzyme Activity & Cellular Signaling: NAD⁺ is required for key enzyme systems (like sirtuins and PARPs) involved in metabolism, energy regulation, and DNA repair.

📌 Metabolic Studies: NAD⁺ research helps scientists better understand how cells manage energy production and respond to metabolic stress.

Chemical & Biological Profile

• Chemical Name: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (oxidized form)
• Formula: C₂₁H₂₈N₇O₁₄P₂⁺ (oxidized)
• Molecular Weight: ~664.4 g/mol (oxidized form)
• Classification: Cofactor / coenzyme essential for redox reactions and metabolic processes

Usage & Safety Notice

🔹 This product is intended strictly for research and laboratory use only.
🔹 It is not intended for human or veterinary therapeutic, clinical, or dietary use.
🔹 Always follow proper laboratory procedures, peptide/biochemical handling protocols, and safety guidelines when working with this compound.